Bhutan, known for its unique commitment to measuring prosperity through “Gross National Happiness,” is holding general elections amidst a concerning economic downturn that challenges this philosophy. As voters head to the polls, both the Bhutan Tendrel Party (BTP) and People’s Democratic Party (PDP) remain dedicated to a governance model prioritizing the “happiness and well-being of the people,” as enshrined in the constitution.
Despite its size, similar to Switzerland, Bhutan grapples with profound economic challenges, leading to questions about the sustainability of the nation’s renowned focus on happiness over economic growth. A significant number of voters are undertaking arduous journeys lasting days to partake in the elections, highlighting the significance of this democratic exercise.
The younger generation, in particular, faces critical issues, including chronic unemployment and a concerning trend of migration abroad, citing better opportunities. Bhutan’s youth unemployment rate, standing at 29 percent according to the World Bank, and sluggish economic growth averaging 1.7 percent over the past five years, underscore the gravity of the situation.
Alarming numbers reveal a surge in young Bhutanese seeking better prospects overseas, with Australia emerging as a top destination. Approximately 15,000 Bhutanese were granted visas there in a single year, a figure surpassing the total visas issued in the preceding six years combined, nearly constituting 2 percent of the nation’s population.
The issue of mass emigration has become central to the electoral discourse, with both contesting parties acknowledging its severity. Pema Chewang from the Bhutan Tendrel Party expressed concern about the nation losing its brightest talents, warning of potential scenarios of depopulated villages and an abandoned nation if the trend persists.
Meanwhile, Tshering Tobgay, former prime minister and leader of the People’s Democratic Party, highlighted Bhutan’s unprecedented economic challenges and the gravity of mass emigration. His party’s manifesto underscored government statistics revealing that one in eight individuals struggles to meet basic necessities like food.
Additionally, Bhutan’s tourism sector, although a minor contributor to the economy, faces substantial hurdles in recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruptions, impacting the country’s foreign currency earnings.
As Bhutan votes amidst these pressing economic concerns, the election outcomes hold the promise of addressing these challenges, safeguarding the nation’s distinctive philosophy of prioritizing happiness while striving to navigate its economic difficulties for the well-being of its people.
Sources By Agencies